08.12.2024 08:30
The 61-year bloody rule of the Ba'ath Party, which came to power in Syria in 1963, collapsed with the outbreak of the civil war triggered by the violent suppression of popular movements that began in 2011 with demands for freedom, leading to the capital Damascus falling out of the regime's control.
The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party came to power in Syria through a coup in 1963. In 1970, Hafiz al-Assad, the father of Bashar al-Assad, seized power through an internal party coup and became the President of Syria in 1971.
ASSAD TOOK OVER THE BA'ATH REGIME IN 2000
Bashar al-Assad took over the Ba'ath regime in 2000 following his father's death. The Assad and Ba'ath regime came to an end with the entry of anti-regime groups into the capital, Damascus. In 2011, as popular movements demanding freedom began in Syria, the regime intervened with violence against the masses.
THE PROCESS TURNED INTO CIVIL WAR
The regime's interventions, which resulted in the deaths of thousands, transformed the process into a civil war. While armed opposition groups entered into a long struggle, the regime refused to seek a diplomatic and peaceful resolution to the problem despite international pressures.
THEY LAUNCHED AN OPERATION ON NOVEMBER 27
After the intensification of clashes in Syria on November 27, the regime lost control in many regions starting from Aleppo, Idlib, and Hama. Finally, with the public also taking to the streets in the capital, Damascus, regime forces began to withdraw from public institutions and the streets, while anti-regime groups increased their control in the city center. The 61-year bloody Ba'ath regime and the 53-year rule of the Assad family came to an end.
STATEMENT FROM THE COLLAPSED REGIME'S PRIME MINISTER
The Prime Minister of Bashar al-Assad's regime, Muhammad Ghazi al-Jalali, stated in a video message shared on social media that they are ready to work with a government chosen by the people of Syria and are prepared to provide all kinds of support. Jalali called for no damage to public property, saying, "We extend our hand to the opposition who say they will not harm anyone and reach out to us." Jalali added, "Syria belongs to all Syrians. This country can be a normal country, and it can establish good relations with its neighbors and the world. This choice is up to the government that the Syrian people will choose. We are ready to cooperate with the new government that will be elected. We are ready to provide them with all kinds of support and easily transfer state files to them."
STATEMENT FROM THE HTS LEADER
Ahmed al-Shara (Abu Muhammad al-Julani), the leader of the armed anti-regime group Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), warned on social media against approaching public institutions in Damascus, stating, "These institutions will remain under the supervision of the former Prime Minister until they are officially transferred." Shara added, "Approaching public institutions is strictly prohibited. These institutions will remain under the supervision of the former Prime Minister until they are officially transferred. Firing into the air is also prohibited."
DEVELOPMENTS IN SYRIA
On November 27, clashes began between Assad regime forces and armed anti-regime groups in the western countryside of Aleppo province in northern Syria. On November 30, anti-regime groups took control of a large part of central Aleppo from regime forces and established dominance throughout Idlib province on the same day. After intense clashes, the groups captured the city center of Hama from regime forces on December 5.
Anti-regime groups began to advance by capturing some settlements in Homs province, which opens to the capital, Damascus. On December 6, military opposition forces launched an operation in Daraa province, near the Jordanian border, and after clashes, they regained control of the provincial center from regime forces. All of Suwayda province in the south of the country also came under the control of opposition groups on December 7. On the same day, local opposition forces in Quneitra also secured control of the provincial center.
In Homs province, which opens to the capital, anti-regime forces also took control of the city center on December 7. Groups advancing against Assad regime forces in the southwest of Damascus entered the southern suburbs of the capital on December 7. Regime forces also withdrew from the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Interior, and the international airport in Damascus. As anti-regime armed groups began to gain control of the capital, the Assad regime quickly lost all control of the capital on the morning of December 8. In the "Operation Dawn of Freedom" launched by the Syrian National Army against the terrorist organization PKK/YPG in the rural areas of Aleppo on December 1, the district center of Tal Rifaat was liberated from terrorism.