13.03.2025 12:21
The elderly population aged 65 and over in Turkey has increased by 20.7% over the last 5 years, reaching 9 million 112 thousand 298 people in 2024. The province with the highest elderly population rate in 2024 was Sinop, with 20.8%. It was followed by Kastamonu with 20.2% and Giresun with 19.1%.
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According to the bulletin published by the Turkish Statistical Institute; the population considered elderly, aged 65 and over, was 7 million 550 thousand 727 in 2019, and it increased by 20.7% over the last 5 years, reaching 9 million 112 thousand 298 in 2024.
The proportion of the elderly population within the total population was 9.1% in 2019, and it rose to 10.6% in 2024. In 2024, 44.6% of the elderly population was male, while 55.4% was female. According to the main scenario of population projections, which assumes that the current structure in demographic indicators will continue; it is predicted that the elderly population ratio will be 13.5% in 2030, 17.9% in 2040, 27% in 2060, 33.4% in 2080, and 33.6% in 2100.
According to the low scenario, which assumes that the rapid decline in fertility indicators will continue; it is predicted that the elderly population ratio will be 13.5% in 2030, 18.2% in 2040, 28.8% in 2060, 38.5% in 2080, and 42.8% in 2100. According to the high scenario, which assumes that measures to increase fertility will be effective; it is predicted that the elderly population ratio will be 13.4% in 2030, 17.5% in 2040, 25.5% in 2060, 29.8% in 2080, and 28.2% in 2100.
63.4% OF THE ELDERLY POPULATION IS IN THE 65-74 AGE GROUP
When examining the elderly population by age group, it is observed that in 2019, 62.8% of the elderly population was in the 65-74 age group, 28.2% was in the 75-84 age group, and 9.1% was in the 85 and over age group. In 2024, it was found that 63.4% was in the 65-74 age group, 28.8% was in the 75-84 age group, and 7.8% was in the 85 and over age group. The number of elderly individuals aged 100 and over, which constitutes 0.1% of the elderly population, was 7 thousand 632 in 2024.
THE AGE STRUCTURE OF THE TURKISH POPULATION HAS CHANGED
The fact that the proportion of the elderly population within the total population exceeds 10% is considered an indicator of population aging. It has been observed that the elderly population in Turkey has increased at a higher rate compared to other age groups. In Turkey, which is undergoing a process called 'demographic transformation', known as global aging, the decrease in fertility and mortality rates, along with advancements in health, has reshaped the age structure of the population with an increase in living standards, welfare levels, and life expectancy at birth. While the proportion of children and youth in the total population has decreased, the proportion of the elderly in the total population has increased. Although Turkey still has a relatively young population compared to countries with a high proportion of elderly, it has been observed that the numerical size of the elderly population is quite large.
THE MEDIAN AGE OF THE TURKISH POPULATION HAS INCREASED
The median age refers to the age of the person who remains in the middle when the ages of individuals making up the population, from newborns to the oldest, are arranged from youngest to oldest. The median age, which is one of the indicators providing information about population aging, was 32.4 in 2019 and increased to 34.4 in 2024. In 2024, the median age was 33.7 for men and 35.2 for women. According to the main scenario of population projections, which assumes that the current structure in demographic indicators will continue; it is predicted that the median age will be 37.1 in 2030, 41.4 in 2040, 48 in 2060, 51.5 in 2080, and 52.2 in 2100.
THE ELDERLY DEPENDENCY RATIO REACHED 15.5% IN 2024
The elderly dependency ratio, which expresses the number of elderly individuals per 100 working-age individuals, was 13.4% in 2019, and this ratio increased to 15.5% in 2024. According to the main scenario of population projections, which assumes that the current structure in demographic indicators will continue; it is predicted that the elderly dependency ratio will be 19.5% in 2030, 26.5% in 2040, 45.5% in 2060, 61.9% in 2080, and 61.6% in 2100.
According to the United Nations world population estimates; it is predicted that the world population will be 8 billion 161 million 972 thousand 573 in 2024, and the elderly population will be 833 million 480 thousand 764. According to these estimates; the elderly population constitutes 10.2% of the world population. The top 3 countries with the highest elderly population ratios are Monaco with 36.2%, Japan with 29.8%, and Italy with 24.6%. Turkey ranked 75th among 194 countries.
SİNOP HAS THE HIGHEST ELDERLY POPULATION RATIO
The province with the highest elderly population ratio was Sinop, with 20.8% in 2024. This was followed by Kastamonu with 20.2% and Giresun with 19.1%. The province with the lowest elderly population ratio was Şırnak, with 3.7%. This was followed by Hakkari with 4.3% and Şanlıurfa with 4.4%. The number of provinces where the proportion of the elderly population within the total population is 10% or more was 60 in 2024.
The life expectancy at birth for Turkey as a whole was 77.3 years, 74.7 years for men, and 80 years for women. Generally, women live longer than men, with a life expectancy difference of 5.3 years at birth. The expected life expectancy for a person reaching the age of 65 in Turkey was an average of 17.4 years. For men, this duration was observed to be 15.7 years, and for women, it was 19 years. In other words, it is estimated that women reaching the age of 65 will live on average 3.3 years longer than men. The expected life expectancy at age 75 was 10.5 years, while at age 85 it was 5.5 years.
ONE IN EVERY FOUR HOUSEHOLDS HAS AT LEAST ONE ELDERLY MEMBER
In Turkey, it was observed that in 2024, out of a total of 26 million 599 thousand 261 households, there were at least one individual aged 65 and over, defined as the elderly population, in 6 million 726 thousand 583 households. In other words, it was found that 25.3% of households had at least one elderly member. Among the 6 million 726 thousand 583 households with at least one elderly member, 1 million 750 thousand 900 were composed of elderly individuals living alone. Among these households, 74% were elderly women, and 26% were elderly men. The province with the highest rate of single-person elderly households among households with at least one elderly member was Balıkesir, with 34.4% in 2024. This was followed by Çanakkale with 34.1% and Burdur with 34%. The province with the lowest rate was Hakkari, with 8%. This was followed by Batman with 13.6% and Van with 14.9%.
THE LITERACY RATE AMONG THE ELDERLY POPULATION REACHED 87.5% IN 2023
The literacy rate among the elderly population was 83.1% in 2019, and it increased to 87.5% in 2023. The rate of illiterate elderly individuals was 16.9% in 2019, while it decreased to 12.5% in 2023. It was observed that the rate of illiterate elderly women was 6 times higher than that of elderly men in 2023.
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The literacy rate among elderly women who cannot read or write is 19.9%, while the rate among elderly men is 3.3%. In 2019, 45.5% of the elderly population had completed primary school, 7.3% had completed middle school or an equivalent school/primary education, 7.5% had completed high school or an equivalent school, and 7% had completed higher education. By 2023, the percentage of those who completed primary school increased to 46.7%, those who completed middle school or an equivalent school/primary education increased to 9.7%, those who completed high school or an equivalent school increased to 9.7%, and those who completed higher education decreased to 8.7%. When examining the educational status of the elderly population by gender, significant differences between genders were observed. It was found that the proportion of elderly men with completed education levels was higher than that of elderly women.
THE RATE OF ELDERLY WOMEN WHOSE SPOUSES HAVE DIED IS 4 TIMES HIGHER THAN MEN
When the elderly population was examined according to legal marital status, significant differences between genders were observed. In 2024, it was found that 1.4% of elderly men had never married, 83.7% were officially married, 4% were divorced, and 10.8% had lost their spouses, while 2.8% of elderly women had never married, 46.9% were officially married, 4.6% were divorced, and 45.7% had lost their spouses.
THE RATE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE AT RISK OF POVERTY OR SOCIAL EXCLUSION WAS 23.3%
In 2024, it was found that 29.3% of the total population was at risk of poverty or social exclusion, while this rate was 23.3% for the elderly population. When examining the elderly population at risk of poverty or social exclusion by gender, it was found that this rate was 22.3% for elderly men and 24.2% for elderly women.
THE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE OF THE ELDERLY POPULATION WAS 12.2%
The labor force participation rate was 53% for the population aged 15 and older in 2019, while it increased to 53.3% in 2023. This rate for the elderly population was 12% in 2019 and increased to 12.2% in 2023. When examining the labor force participation rate by gender, it was found that this rate was 20% for elderly men and 6.1% for elderly women in 2023. The unemployment rate among the elderly population was 3.1% in 2019 and decreased to 2.7% in 2023.
57.7% OF THE WORKING ELDERLY POPULATION WAS IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
When examining the sectoral distribution of the employed elderly population, it was found that in 2023, 57.7% of the elderly population was in agriculture, 32.1% in services, 7.3% in industry, and 2.8% in construction.
THE RATE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE WHO HAVE GREAT DIFFICULTY SEEING OR CANNOT SEE AT ALL IS 10.1%
When examining elderly individuals with functional difficulties (those who have great difficulty or cannot do at all), it was found that the rate of elderly people with difficulty seeing was 10.1%, those with difficulty hearing was 10.6%, and those with difficulty speaking was 2.2%. The rate of elderly individuals who have difficulty walking, climbing, or descending stairs was 27.1%, those who have difficulty carrying or holding things was 29.7%, and those who have difficulty learning, performing simple arithmetic operations, remembering, or concentrating compared to their peers was 13.8%.
The rate of elderly men with difficulty seeing was 8.4%, while the rate among elderly women was 11.4%. The rate of elderly men with difficulty hearing was 10%, while the rate among elderly women was 11%. The rate of elderly men with difficulty speaking was 2%, while the rate among elderly women was 2.3%. The rate of elderly men with difficulty walking, climbing, or descending stairs was 18.2%, while the rate among elderly women was 34.3%. The rate of elderly men with difficulty carrying or holding things was 19.9%, while the rate among elderly women was 37.5%. The rate of elderly men with difficulty learning, performing simple arithmetic operations, remembering, or concentrating compared to their peers was 8.7%, while the rate among elderly women was 18%.
ELDERLY PEOPLE MOST COMMONLY DIE FROM CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DISEASES
40% of the elderly died due to circulatory system diseases. The second most common cause of death was respiratory system diseases at 16.4%, followed by benign and malignant tumors at 13.9%. When examining the causes of death by gender, it was found that the largest difference between genders was in benign and malignant tumors. The rate of elderly men who died from benign and malignant tumors was 17.9%, while the rate among elderly women was 9.8%.
THE RATE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE WHO DIED FROM ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE WAS 3.2%
The number of elderly people who died from Alzheimer's disease decreased from 13,599 in 2019 to 11,464 in 2023. The rate of elderly people who died from Alzheimer's disease was 4.3% in 2019, while this rate decreased to 3.2% in 2023. When examining the rate of elderly people who died from Alzheimer's disease by gender, it was found that in 2023, the rate of elderly men who died from Alzheimer's disease was 2.3%, while the rate among elderly women was 4.1%.
THE RATE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE WHO CAN SHOP ON THEIR OWN WAS 55.1%
When examining the ability of elderly individuals to perform daily activities, it was found that 85.7% of elderly people could use a phone, 55.1% could shop on their own, 61.1% could prepare their own meals, and 76.6% could clean their homes. It was found that 72.8% of elderly people could do laundry, 76.3% could travel, 85.5% could take their medications independently, and 74% could manage their financial affairs. 91.2% of elderly men could use a phone, 71.7% could shop on their own, 57% could prepare their own meals, and 76.7% could clean their homes. 68% of elderly men could do laundry, 86% could travel, 88.5% could take their medications independently, and 87.5% could manage their financial affairs.
81.3% of elderly women could use a phone, 41.7% could shop on their own, 64.3% could prepare their own meals, and 76.5% could clean their homes. 76.7% of elderly women could do laundry, 68.6% could travel, 83.3% could take their medications independently, and 63.2% could manage their financial affairs.
THE RATE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE WHO CAN BATHE INDEPENDENTLY WAS 86.5%
When examining the ability of elderly individuals to perform daily activities, it was found that 86.5% of elderly people could bathe independently, 89.5% could dress themselves independently, and 92.1% could use the toilet independently. It was found that 92.1% of elderly people could move from bed to sofa independently, 83.1% could hold their urine, and 95.2% could eat independently. 90.9% of elderly men could bathe independently, 92.4% could dress themselves independently, 94.5% could use the toilet independently, 94.5% could move from bed to sofa independently, 87% could hold their urine, and 96.2% could eat independently.
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It was observed that 82.9% of elderly women can bathe independently, 87.3% can dress themselves, 90.2% can use the toilet independently, 90.2% can move from bed to sofa independently, 80.1% can hold their urine, and 94.5% can eat independently.
THE RATE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN NEED OF HOME CARE SUPPORT IS 16.4%
The rate of individuals aged 65 and older in need of home care support was 16.4% in 2023. This rate was 12.3% for elderly men and 19.6% for elderly women. The rate of individuals aged 65-74 in need of home care support was 10.5%, while the rate for those aged 75 and older was 26.9%.
THE RATE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE WHO HAVE GRANDCHILDREN AND RECEIVE CARE IS 9.7%
The rate of elderly individuals who have grandchildren and receive care is 9.7%, while this rate is 8.8% for elderly men and 10.3% for elderly women. Among elderly individuals who have grandchildren and receive care, 64.4% care for them every day, 12.9% on weekdays, 10.6% sometimes, 7.8% a few days a week, and 4.2% on weekends. It was observed that 59.1% of elderly men care for their grandchildren every day, 13.6% on weekdays, sometimes 8.5%, a few days a week 5.2%, and on weekends. It was observed that 68% of elderly women care for their grandchildren every day, 12.5% on weekdays, 8.7% sometimes, 7.3% a few days a week, and 3.6% on weekends.
THE RATE OF ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS USING THE INTERNET IS 46.9%
The rate of individuals aged 65-74 using the internet was 19.8% in 2019, while this rate increased to 46.9% in 2024. When examining elderly individuals using the internet by gender, it was observed that men use the internet more than women. The rate of elderly men using the internet in 2024 was 55.3%, while the rate for elderly women was 39.3%.
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