03.07.2025 16:56
The Kandilli Observatory has published a report on the 4.4 magnitude earthquake centered in Gemlik, Bursa. It was noted that the reason the tremor was felt in Istanbul was due to its shallow depth of 7.5 km. The report highlighted the region's dangerous history of large earthquakes, reaching up to M7.9, and included a critical "tsunami" warning for the Marmara coast.
In the Gemlik district of Bursa, after the earthquakes measuring 3.9 and 4.2 that occurred the day before, a tremor measuring 4.3 was experienced yesterday. According to the data from the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD), the 4.3 magnitude earthquake that occurred in Gemlik at 13:57 was at a depth of 12.91 kilometers. The earthquake was felt in the city center as well as in surrounding provinces such as Orhangazi, Yalova, and Istanbul, causing panic. Many citizens evacuated their buildings and headed to safe areas. Whether these consecutive earthquakes are a precursor to a larger earthquake has become a topic of curiosity among the public. The Kandilli Observatory published a report regarding the earthquakes in Gemlik.
HERE IS THE REPORT FROM KANDILLI OBSERVATORY EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION On July 2, 2025, a moderate earthquake with a local magnitude of ML 4.4 occurred at the epicenter of Şahinyurdu-Gemlik (Bursa) (40.4597 N 29.1982 E) at 13:57 local time. The focus depth of the earthquake is 7.5 km, making it a shallow-focus earthquake.
INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION OF THE EARTHQUAKE The intensity of an earthquake expresses the degree of damage it causes on the surface and the level of shaking felt by people. The Earthquake Loss Estimation Routine (ELER) program was used to prepare the estimated intensity map. The estimated intensity map prepared after the earthquake shows that the intensity value at the epicenter is I?= V.
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD IN THE REGION In the province of Bursa, the local small faults, along with the middle branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone extending from the south of Lake Iznik to the Gemlik Gulf and the southern branch passing through Yenişehir-Bursa, significantly determine the seismicity of the region. The major active faults in Bursa include Soğukpınarı, Ulubat, Mustafakemalpaşa, Orhaneli, Bursa, Barakfakı, İnegöl, Gençali, Zeytinbağı, Karacabey, İznik-Mekece, and Gemlik faults, and the region exhibits a complex tectonic structure under the influence of the North Anatolian Fault Zone and the regime of Western Anatolia. In historical times (B.C. 1800 - A.D. 1900; Soysal et al., 1981), earthquakes with an intensity value of Io= IX-X occurred within the borders of Bursa. Additionally, there are damaging earthquakes with an intensity value of Io= IX-X on the main branches of the North Anatolian Fault Zone to the north of Bursa.
In the instrumental period (A.D. 1900-2025; magnitude M?4.0 KRDAE Earthquake Catalog), significant earthquakes that occurred within the provincial borders had magnitudes ranging from M=7.0 to 7.9, and damaging earthquakes with a magnitude of M?6.0 also occurred within the borders of neighboring provinces (Kütahya, Kocaeli, Çanakkale, Tekirdağ). The closest earthquake to the city center is the 1928 İshaklar-Harmancık (Bursa) earthquake, which is 60 km away.
The Turkey Earthquake Hazard Maps have been updated and published in the Official Gazette dated March 18, 2018, and came into effect on January 1, 2019. The new maps have been prepared to express the earthquake motions that will be taken into account in the design of buildings under earthquake effects. The maps show the maximum ground acceleration values (PGA) and spectral acceleration (Sa) values for four different levels of earthquake ground motion. Detailed information about the Turkey Earthquake Hazard Map can be obtained from the website http://tdth.afad.gov.tr.
FOCAL MECHANISM SOLUTION The focal mechanism solution of the relevant earthquake has been calculated using the regional moment tensor inversion method. This earthquake occurred due to a strike-slip fault type of faulting.
PREPARATION FOR DISASTERS Being prepared for disasters is of great importance in preventing loss of life and property. Some basic steps that citizens should pay attention to in disaster preparedness:
• Calculate risks in advance! Make a Disaster and Emergency Plan!
• Have the structural integrity of your building checked!
• Secure your belongings!
• Learn what to do during and after an earthquake!
Each individual making their own preparations will increase societal resilience against disasters. Tsunamis that may occur after major earthquakes will pose a risk to our citizens living in coastal areas. Often, the first sign that a tsunami is approaching is not a large wave of water, but the sudden withdrawal of the sea. Therefore, when you feel an earthquake while at the seaside and/or observe the sea receding, remember the tsunami danger and quickly move to higher ground and away from the coast. If you are at sea and unable to return to shore, go as far out to sea as possible. Do not assume that the danger has passed after the first wave of the tsunami arrives; sometimes subsequent waves can be larger and more destructive than the first. Relevant authorities advise against approaching the shores until they declare, "The danger has passed!"
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