06.10.2025 15:33
The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries related to "peripheral immune tolerance." The laureates were recognized for their groundbreaking work in the fields of autoimmune diseases and cancer treatments.
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The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to three scientists who discovered the self-regulation mechanism of the human immune system. Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi revealed the functioning of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) that maintain balance in the immune system and prevent the body from attacking its own tissues. This discovery provided a revolutionary understanding in the fields of autoimmune diseases and cancer treatments.
HELPED IN UNDERSTANDING DISEASES LIKE LUPUS AND TYPE 1 DIABETES
The Nobel Committee emphasized that the work of the three scientists "laid the foundations of a new field of research," which has led to the development of new approaches in the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.
The discoveries of Brunkow, Ramsdell, and Sakaguchi in the area called "peripheral immune tolerance" have also paved the way for understanding diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and lupus.
The winners in the field of medicine are selected by the Nobel Committee of the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and receive a total of 11 million Swedish kronor (1.1 million dollars) as a prize.
WHAT IS PERIPHERAL IMMUNE TOLERANCE?
Peripheral immune tolerance is defined as one of the most important mechanisms that help the immune system avoid attacking its own tissues and maintain balance. This finding is of great importance for understanding and treating autoimmune diseases.
WHO WON LAST YEAR?
Last year's Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for their work in microRNA.
In the coming days, the winners of this year's Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Economics, and Peace will also be announced.
NOBEL PRIZE CALENDAR
The 'Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine' was the first award announced as part of the 2025 Nobel Prizes. According to this year's Nobel calendar, the physics prize will be announced on Tuesday, the chemistry prize on Wednesday, and the literature prize on Thursday. The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced on Friday, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences will be awarded on October 13.
NOBEL PRIZES
The Nobel Prizes are awarded by the Nobel Foundation, which was established on June 9, 1900, based on the will of Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel after his death.
The Nobel Prizes are awarded in five categories: physics, chemistry, literature, peace, and medicine, to individuals or organizations deemed most successful by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee.
In addition, the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was first awarded in 1969 after the Swedish Central Bank decided to award a prize in economics in memory of Alfred Nobel in 1968.
The Nobel Prizes are presented annually at a ceremony held on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death.
On the other hand, there have been a few years since the inception of the awards in 1901 when they were not awarded. Most of the 49 cancellations of awards occurred during the First and Second World Wars.
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