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The share of the top 20% of households with the highest equivalent disposable income per capita decreased by 0.6 points compared to the previous year, reaching 48.1%, while the share of the bottom 20% of households with the lowest income increased by 0.2 points to 6.3%.
The Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) announced the 2024 Income Distribution Statistics. Accordingly, the income information from the Income and Living Conditions Survey, which calculates the Income Distribution Statistics, refers to the previous calendar year, 2023. In income calculations, household incomes are converted into equivalent disposable income per capita, taking into account household size and composition.
According to the latest research results, the share of the top 20% of households with the highest equivalent disposable income per capita decreased by 0.6 points compared to the previous year, reaching 48.1%, while the share of the bottom 20% of households with the lowest income increased by 0.2 points to 6.3%. GINI COEFFICIENT ESTIMATED AT 0.413The Gini coefficient, which is a measure of income distribution inequality, indicates equality in income distribution as it approaches zero and indicates distortion in income distribution as it approaches one. In the calculation of the Gini coefficient, the disposable income of households is used, which is obtained by subtracting taxes paid and other regular transfers made to households or individuals during the income reference period from the total annual incomes of households and individuals. In previous years, the Gini coefficient was calculated solely based on equivalent disposable income per capita; however, it was also calculated using two different methods, excluding all social transfers and excluding all social transfers except for pensions and survivor benefits, to see the effect of social transfers on income distribution. According to the latest research results, the Gini coefficient was estimated to be 0.413, a decrease of 0.007 points compared to the previous year. When all social transfers are excluded, the Gini coefficient is estimated to be 0.476, and when all social transfer incomes except for pensions and survivor benefits are excluded, it is estimated to be 0.423. The P80/P20 ratio, calculated as the share of the top 20% of income earners to the share of the bottom 20% of income earners, decreased by 0.2 points compared to the previous year to 7.7, while the P90/P10 ratio, calculated as the income of the top 10% of earners to the income of the bottom 10% of earners, decreased by 0.5 points to 13.3. AVERAGE ANNUAL DISPOSABLE HOUSEHOLD INCOME REACHED 374,899 TLThe average annual disposable household income in Turkey increased by 106.9% compared to the previous year, reaching 374,899 TL. The average annual equivalent disposable income per capita in Turkey increased by 108.3% compared to the previous year, rising from 90,116 TL to 187,728 TL. Among the average annual equivalent disposable incomes per capita, the highest income was found in households consisting of multiple individuals without a nuclear family, which increased by 124,506 TL compared to the previous year, reaching 231,206 TL. The average annual equivalent disposable income per capita for single-person households was 223,859 TL, while for households consisting of a single nuclear family, this value was 192,110 TL. The household type with the lowest average annual equivalent disposable income per capita was households consisting of at least one nuclear family and other individuals, with 146,828 TL. THE HIGHEST SHARE OF TOTAL INCOME WAS 48.8% FROM SALARY AND WAGE INCOMEThe highest share of total income was received from salary and wage income, which increased by 0.3 points compared to the previous year, reaching 48.8%. The second place was taken by entrepreneurial income, which decreased by 1.3 points to 20.8%, while the third place was held by social transfer income, which increased by 0.2 points to 17.8%. The share of agricultural income within entrepreneurial income was 17.5%, while the share of pensions and survivor benefits within social transfers was 87.6%. THE HIGHEST AVERAGE ANNUAL MAIN JOB INCOME WAS 309,721 TL FOR UNIVERSITY GRADUATESThe average annual main job incomes were calculated as follows: 309,721 TL for university graduates, 240,470 TL for high school and equivalent school graduates, 168,407 TL for those with less than high school education, and 106,478 TL for those who did not complete any school. Compared to the previous year, the highest increase in average annual main job income was 110.2% for high school and equivalent school graduates, while the lowest increase was 88.2% for those who did not complete any school. THE HIGHEST INCREASE IN AVERAGE ANNUAL MAIN JOB INCOME WAS 115.4% IN THE CONSTRUCTION SECTORWhen examining the main job incomes by sector, it was observed that the highest average annual income was 242,299 TL in the service sector, while the lowest average annual income was 153,773 TL in the agricultural sector. Compared to the previous year, the highest increase in average annual main job income was observed in the construction sector at 115.4%, followed by the industrial sector at 102.0%. On the other hand, a 100.2% increase was observed in the service sector, while a 66.0% increase was observed in the agricultural sector. THE HIGHEST AVERAGE ANNUAL MAIN JOB INCOME WAS 804,882 TL FOR EMPLOYERSThe average annual main job incomes were calculated as follows: 804,882 TL for employers, 210,679 TL for self-employed individuals, 209,764 TL for salaried employees, and 105,712 TL for daily wage workers. Compared to the previous year, the highest increase was 104.0% for salaried employees, while the lowest increase was 82.2% for self-employed individuals. THE LOWEST INCOME WAS RECORDED IN THE TRB2 (VAN, MUŞ, BİTLİS, HAKKARİ) REGIONAccording to the research results, the average annual equivalent disposable income per capita in Turkey in 2024 was 187,728 TL, while the IBBS 2.
``` The region with the highest level of income per capita was TR10 (Istanbul) with 257,891 TL. This region was followed by TR51 (Ankara) with 248,285 TL and TR21 (Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli) with 225,758 TL. The lowest annual average equivalent household disposable income was recorded in the TRB2 (Van, Muş, Bitlis, Hakkari) region, amounting to 91,818 TL. INCOME INEQUALITY WAS HIGHEST IN TR10 (ISTANBUL) REGIONAccording to the results of the latest research, the P80/P20 ratio in Turkey is 7.7, while the lowest value is in the IBBS Level 2 region TR42 (Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova) and TRB1 (Malatya, Elazığ, Bingöl, Tunceli) with 4.9. This is followed by TRB2 (Van, Muş, Bitlis, Hakkari) and TR32 (Aydın, Denizli, Muğla) regions with a ratio of 5.0. The IBBS Level 2 regions with the highest P80/P20 ratios are TR10 (Istanbul) with 7.7, TR51 (Ankara) with 7.6, and TR61 (Antalya, Isparta, Burdur). 66.5% OF THOSE IN THE LAST 10% GROUP REMAINED IN THE SAME INCOME GROUP COMPARED TO THE PREVIOUS YEARWhen examining the percentage transitions of individuals in the top 10% income groups based on equivalent household disposable income compared to the previous year; 56.2% of individuals who were in the top 10% group in the previous year remained in the same income group in 2023, while 66.5% of those in the last 10% group did not change their income group. Additionally, 22% of individuals in the top 10% group in 2023 moved up multiple income groups in 2024. Meanwhile, 13.2% of individuals in the last 10% group experienced a decline of multiple income groups. 40.8% OF INDIVIDUALS WHO WERE UNEMPLOYED IN THE PREVIOUS YEAR STARTED WORKING IN 2024According to the results obtained from the panel data of the Income and Living Conditions Survey, 40.8% of individuals who were unemployed in 2023 started working in 2024. Among those identified as employed in 2023, 90.6% continued in the labor force in 2024. Additionally, 10.0% of individuals who were not part of the labor force in the previous year joined the labor force (employed + unemployed).
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